Aim: To investigate the role of urinary obstruction in determining surgical indications based on analytical urodynamics.
Materials and methods. To collect observational data, a cohort of patients was selected from those receiving treatment at the Urination Pathology Centre in Vladivostok due to urinary disorders and prostate adenoma. This cohort consisted of patients aged 50 to 73 years (mean age 60.5 ± 8.2 years), with observation periods ranging from 2 to 29.3 months (mean duration 15.5 ± 13.5 months). During a two-day home uroflow monitoring session, the severity of urinary symptoms was assessed using the IPSS questionnaire prior to each monitoring event. The study utilized a domestically designed two-sensor SIGMA uroflowmeter in conjunction with LEVELEST software.
Results. The study demonstrated that in patients from all three groups undergoing therapy with an alpha-1 adrenergic blocker, there was a significant reduction in clinical symptoms as measured by the IPSS questionnaire and an increase in the average effective volume of urination. However, despite these improvements, the groups exhibited differing dynamics in urinary obstruction, which ultimately determined the indications for surgical intervention.
Conclusion. Home uroflow monitoring with the Sigma uroflowmeter provides an objective assessment of the lower urinary tract function in patients with bladder outlet obstruction, focusing on the urinary obstruction indicator dynamics. Repeated pharmacological testing in patients with prostate adenoma shows potential for long-term patient management, aiming to prevent detrusor failure and evaluate the efficacy of conservative therapy. Analytical urodynamic methods enable the establishment of surgical treatment indications based on uroflow monitoring outcomes.

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the cultural and linguistic adaptation of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL) for the Russian-speaking population.
Methods: A cultural and linguistic adaptation of the FIQL questionnaire was performed in accordance with international guidelines. This process included several key steps: professional translation of the questionnaire, back translation, and critical discussion within an interdisciplinary council comprising translators, linguists, psychologists, doctors, and patients. Preliminary testing and reliability assessment were also conducted. The results of the preliminary testing are presented in this article. A total of 26 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for anal incontinence (sphincterolevatoroplasty) between 2016 and 2022 participated in the preliminary testing phase.
Results. The result of the cultural adaptation is the Russian language version of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL), which has undergone all the aforementioned stages with corrections and comments in the order of the council of doctor-translator-psychologist-patient. The average time elapsed from the moment of surgery to the survey was 32 months (SD = 20). The average overall score of the questionnaire was 3.2 (SD = 0.62), the average score on the ‘Lifestyle’ scale was 3.3 (SD = 0.74), the average score on the ‘Behaviour, daily worries’ scale was 3.2 (SD = 0.65), the average score on the ‘Depression and self-perception scale was 3.4 (SD = 0.91) and the average score on the ‘Shame’ scale was 3.2 (SD = 0.71). The assessment of the reliability of the questionnaire, as shown by the alpha-Kronbach coefficient, was 0.94, which corresponds to the assessment of ‘very good reliability’.
Conclusion. The presented data show that the Russian version of the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQOL) is adapted for use by Russian-speaking patients and specialists, is reliable, and can be used as a primary tool for assessing the quality of life of patients with anal incontinence.

Aim. To analyze and demonstrate the potential of surgical treatment for patients with chronic pancreatitis and its complications in a department of general surgery, and to develop treatment strategies for patients with pancreatogenic pseudocysts in the subdiaphragmatic space and mediastinum.
Materials and methods. This study presents the experience of treating 955 patients with complicated chronic pancreatitis over nine years, including an analysis of the treatment of 13 patients with mediastinal pancreatogenic pseudocysts. There was no pre-selection or distribution into groups. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including ultrasound, CT, and MRCPG. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was not performed due to the procedure’s complexity and potential for severe complications. Depending on the nature of the pancreatic pathology and its complications, a combination of conservative and surgical treatment methods was selectively employed.
Results. A total of 570 patients (59.7 %) received conservative treatment, while 385 patients (40.3 %) underwent surgical procedures, subdivided into resection, internal drainage, and external drainage. 121 patients (31.4 %) had a resection, including pancreatoduodenal resection (17), Frey’s operation (74), caudal resections (21), and others (9). 33 patients (8.6 %) underwent internal drainage operations, including the Puestow operation (15), hepaticojejunostomy (7), and others (11). Additionally, 231 cyst-related procedures were performed: Frey’s operation (7), cystojejunostomy (12), cystectomy (11), urgent laparotomy (15), and external drainage under ultrasound guidance (186). Of the 156 resection-drainage operations, Frey’s surgery was the most frequent (81 patients; 51.9 %). The postoperative mortality rate was 0.8 %.
Conclusion: Surgical indications should be determined based on clinical presentation and diagnostic methods, prioritizing organ preservation whenever possible. The treatment of complicated pseudocysts should be tailored to each patient, emphasizing minimally invasive interventions. External-internal drainage of pancreato-digestive anastomoses through the proximal section of the isolated jejunum is recommended.

Background. Currently, endoprosthetics is the most popular method for treating degenerative diseases and joint injuries, with the number of these operations increasing every year. Naturally, as the number of such surgical interventions rises, the frequency of postoperative complications also increases, with periprosthetic infection being the most common.
Aim. To analyze data from scientific literature to determine the prevalence and main causative agents of periprosthetic infection at present
Materials and methods. Forty-nine sources were analyzed, which were searched in the scientific databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search for scientific material was conducted using the following keywords: periprosthetic infection, joint replacement, complications of endoprosthetics, infections in traumatology, biofilms, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria.
Results. The review provides data on the causative agents of periprosthetic infection, as well as features of its treatment, prevention, and diagnosis. It considers modern data on the epidemiology and risk factors of this complication. The most common cause of revision operations after endoprosthesis is periprosthetic infection, followed by aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis. Independent risk factors have been identified, including congestive heart failure, chronic lung diseases, preoperative anemia, depression, kidney disease, pulmonary circulatory disorders, psychosis, metastatic tumors, and diseases of peripheral vessels and heart valves.
Conclusion. At present, there is a growing trend in the number of endoprosthetic surgeries for large joints, leading to an increase in revision interventions. Consequently, the number of periprosthetic infections is also rising, highlighting the importance and potential of research focused on controlling infectious agents and improving prevention and treatment methods.

The literature review examines the significant role of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) as a segment of mesenchymal stem cells in modern medicine. ASCs possess unique characteristics, such as a high ability to differentiate and regenerate, making them a valuable resource in regenerative medicine and therapy. The review focuses on methods for isolating and cultivating ASCs and emphasizes the importance of adhering to standards for monitoring the cultivation and storage processes of stem cells. The molecular and cellular characteristics that enable the use of ASCs in various medical fields, including the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological disorders, reconstructive surgery, and tissue engineering, are described. The ability of ASCs to differentiate into diverse cell types, including osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, vascular endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes, underscores their potential in treating a wide range of diseases.
The review addresses critical ethical and safety considerations related to the use of ASCs, particularly their interaction with tumor cells. It emphasizes the need for further in-depth, multidisciplinary studies of ASC interactions with host cells to ensure their safe and effective use in clinical practice. Evidence is presented for the potential of ASCs in treating long-term non-healing diabetic ulcers and wounds by enhancing epithelialization and accelerating granulation tissue formation. Additionally, their ability to reduce the number of fibroblasts in hypertrophied scars is highlighted.
In conclusion, the review underscores the significance of ASCs as one of the most promising areas in modern biomedicine and regenerative medicine. It notes that further research on these cells may lead to new approaches in the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Aim: To investigate the role of bleeding risk scores, personal and family medical history, and previous bleeding incidents in assessing the impact on the risk of all possible complications, including mortality, in adult patients following cardiac surgery.
Methods. The search for publications was conducted using the PubMed, Transfusion Evidence Library, and eLibrary.ru databases, covering the period from 2019 to 2023. Search terms included: ‘bleeding risk assessment scales in adult cardiac surgery’, ‘preoperative anemia in adult cardiac surgery’, and ‘transfusion of red blood cell-containing components in cardiac surgery adults’. Duplicate articles were manually excluded. An additional search was performed among the reference lists of selected publications.
Results. A total of 2,011 publications were found. In the first stage of selection, clinical studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, reviews, and regular reviews without language restrictions were considered based on the content of the abstract. In the second stage, for studies that passed the initial screening, decisions were made based on an assessment of the full-text versions, which presented the consequences of preoperative anemia, postoperative bleeding, and transfusion therapy in adult cardiac surgery patients. Ultimately, 40 publications were included in the review.
Conclusion. Preoperative bleeding risk assessment is a multimodal, interdisciplinary challenge that necessitates a patient-centered approach. It should commence at the preparatory stage and involve primary care physicians, cardiologists, surgeons, anesthesiologists, laboratory diagnostic specialists, and transfusiologists. The cornerstone of this process is the thorough collection of individual and family medical histories. Obtaining detailed information through patient involvement, utilizing bleeding risk rating scales, reviewing previous bleeding incidents, and supporting these findings with laboratory test data represent the most scientific approach to developing an individualized management plan for patients at risk of bleeding.

The paper describes a unique clinical case involving a patient with two tumours of mesenchymal and epithelial origin, along with ectopic endometriosis located within the cecum. This combination of pathologies resulted in colonic intussusception and subsequent colon-small intestine obstruction due to a cecal lipoma, compounded by colorectal cancer in the same area with local endometriosis foci. The surgical intervention involved laparoscopic resection of the terminal ileum, cecum, ascending, transverse, and descending colon, along with D2 lymphadenectomy and laparoscopically assisted ileosigmoid anastomosis. The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition on the 7th day post-surgery. This clinical observation garnered significant attention due to its atypical presentation of a rare complication, initially leading to a misdiagnosis and necessitating extensive intestinal resection for cancer under urgent circumstances with adequate lymph node dissection. Furthermore, the favourable treatment outcome despite the long-term presence of intussusception for at least one month underscores the noteworthy aspect of this case.